个人笔记-1
这是我的第一篇个人笔记,就如标题所示,这是我自己的个人笔记(个人向的)用来记录我平常遇到的一些需要记录的知识点
我绝对写哪都不如写blog里(其实就是没有别的地方可以写),有需要自行阅读
在个人笔记的内容一般毕竟零碎且杂乱,各位见谅
DD重装
下载脚本
wget --no-check-certificate -qO InstallNET.sh 'https://raw.githubusercontent.com/leitbogioro/Tools/master/Linux_reinstall/InstallNET.sh' && chmod a+x InstallNET.sh
境内机器:
wget --no-check-certificate -qO InstallNET.sh 'https://gitee.com/mb9e8j2/Tools/raw/master/Linux_reinstall/InstallNET.sh' && chmod a+x InstallNET.sh
快速安装
Debian13
bash InstallNET.sh -debian
Ubuntu 22.04
bash InstallNET.sh -ubuntu
CentOS 9 stream
bash InstallNET.sh -centos
Windows 11 Pro for Workstations
bash InstallNET.sh -windows
Windows 10 LTSC
bash InstallNET.sh -windows10
Windows Server 2022
bash InstallNET.sh -windows2022
Windows Server 2012 R2
bash InstallNET.sh -windows2012
默认配置
默认用户名密码:
Linux: root LeitboGi0ro
Windows: Administrator Teddysun.com
默认端口号:
Linux: 22
Windows: 3389
Linux设置主机名
修改主机名
nano /etc/hostname
修改hosts
nano /etc/hosts
有些云厂商会在重启时重置hosts文件,可以将hosts改为不可修改
sudo chattr +i /etc/hosts
还原
sudo chattr -i /etc/hosts
然后重启即可
Debian/Ubuntu SSH设置密钥
生成ED25519密钥对
ssh-keygen -t ed25519
在 ~/.ssh/ 下找到密钥对下载并删除服务器上的文件
接下来将公钥内容填入 authorized_keys
并正确设置权限
nano ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
chmod 700 ~/.ssh
chmod 600 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
配置 sshd_config
nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config
确保 PubkeyAuthentication yes
如果想关闭密码仅可使用密钥登录(推荐)
找到 #PasswordAuthentication yes 后取消注释并将yes改为no
重启ssh
sudo systemctl restart ssh
Debian12锁root
先进入root
su -
输入root密码即可
SSH
nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config
找到 PermitRootLogin no 改为 PermitRootLogin yes
有时候是 PermitRootLogin prohibit-password 表示禁止使用密码登录,改成yes就行
重启SSH服务就行
sudo systemctl restart ssh
GUI
打开gdm-password
nano /etc/pam.d/gdm-password
将下面这行注释掉并reboot即可
auth required pam_succeed_if.so user != root quiet_success
Debian/Ubuntu换源
nano /etc/apt/sources.list
将里面的内容清空换为镜像源即可
老系统比如debian10可能会缺少文件
注意!阿里源速度较慢(通常为500KB/s左右),仅推荐阿里云服务器或者高校源不支持的系统(比如debian9及以下)使用
Debian切换中文
查看当前系统语言
locale
LANG 要换成 zh_CN.UTF-8
进入locales
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install locales
sudo dpkg-reconfigure locales
里面找到安装 zh_CN.UTF-8
选择 zh_CN.UTF-8 并安装中文字体
sudo update-locale LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8
sudo apt-get install fonts-wqy-zenhei
重启系统后 locale 查看是 zh_CN.UTF-8 即可
部分系统出现锁"C"的问题
查看 bashrc 和 profile 有没有锁定语言为"C"
nano ~/.bashrc
nano ~/.profile
如果有出现锁"C"的代码注释掉即可
设置Debian颜色渲染
rm ~/.bashrc
nano ~/.bashrc
# ~/.bashrc: executed by bash(1) for non-login shells.
# see /usr/share/doc/bash/examples/startup-files (in the package bash-doc)
# for examples
# If not running interactively, don't do anything
case $- in
*i*) ;;
*) return;;
esac
# don't put duplicate lines or lines starting with space in the history.
# See bash(1) for more options
HISTCONTROL=ignoreboth
# append to the history file, don't overwrite it
shopt -s histappend
# for setting history length see HISTSIZE and HISTFILESIZE in bash(1)
HISTSIZE=1000
HISTFILESIZE=2000
# check the window size after each command and, if necessary,
# update the values of LINES and COLUMNS.
shopt -s checkwinsize
# If set, the pattern "**" used in a pathname expansion context will
# match all files and zero or more directories and subdirectories.
#shopt -s globstar
# make less more friendly for non-text input files, see lesspipe(1)
#[ -x /usr/bin/lesspipe ] && eval "$(SHELL=/bin/sh lesspipe)"
# set variable identifying the chroot you work in (used in the prompt below)
if [ -z "${debian_chroot:-}" ] && [ -r /etc/debian_chroot ]; then
debian_chroot=$(cat /etc/debian_chroot)
fi
# set a fancy prompt (non-color, unless we know we "want" color)
case "$TERM" in
xterm-color|*-256color) color_prompt=yes;;
esac
# uncomment for a colored prompt, if the terminal has the capability; turned
# off by default to not distract the user: the focus in a terminal window
# should be on the output of commands, not on the prompt
#force_color_prompt=yes
if [ -n "$force_color_prompt" ]; then
if [ -x /usr/bin/tput ] && tput setaf 1 >&/dev/null; then
# We have color support; assume it's compliant with Ecma-48
# (ISO/IEC-6429). (Lack of such support is extremely rare, and such
# a case would tend to support setf rather than setaf.)
color_prompt=yes
else
color_prompt=
fi
fi
if [ "$color_prompt" = yes ]; then
PS1='${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\[\033[01;32m\]\u@\h\[\033[00m\]:\[\033[01;34m\]\w\[\033[00m\]\$ '
else
PS1='${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\u@\h:\w\$ '
fi
unset color_prompt force_color_prompt
# If this is an xterm set the title to user@host:dir
case "$TERM" in
xterm*|rxvt*)
PS1="\[\e]0;${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\u@\h: \w\a\]$PS1"
;;
*)
;;
esac
# enable color support of ls and also add handy aliases
if [ -x /usr/bin/dircolors ]; then
test -r ~/.dircolors && eval "$(dircolors -b ~/.dircolors)" || eval "$(dircolors -b)"
alias ls='ls --color=auto'
#alias dir='dir --color=auto'
#alias vdir='vdir --color=auto'
#alias grep='grep --color=auto'
#alias fgrep='fgrep --color=auto'
#alias egrep='egrep --color=auto'
fi
# colored GCC warnings and errors
#export GCC_COLORS='error=01;31:warning=01;35:note=01;36:caret=01;32:locus=01:quote=01'
# some more ls aliases
#alias ll='ls -l'
#alias la='ls -A'
#alias l='ls -CF'
# Alias definitions.
# You may want to put all your additions into a separate file like
# ~/.bash_aliases, instead of adding them here directly.
# See /usr/share/doc/bash-doc/examples in the bash-doc package.
if [ -f ~/.bash_aliases ]; then
. ~/.bash_aliases
fi
# enable programmable completion features (you don't need to enable
# this, if it's already enabled in /etc/bash.bashrc and /etc/profile
# sources /etc/bash.bashrc).
if ! shopt -oq posix; then
if [ -f /usr/share/bash-completion/bash_completion ]; then
. /usr/share/bash-completion/bash_completion
elif [ -f /etc/bash_completion ]; then
. /etc/bash_completion
fi
fi
UFW防火墙基础命令
安装UFW
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install ufw
添加基本规则
sudo ufw allow 22
sudo ufw allow 22/tcp
sudo ufw allow 22/udp
添加来源IP规则 (允许来源为10.x.x.x段的IP访问)
sudo ufw allow from 10.0.0.0/8 to any port 22
sudo ufw allow from 10.0.0.0/8 to any port 22/tcp
sudo ufw allow from 10.0.0.0/8 to any port 22/udp
添加多IP规则 (给拥有多个公网IP的机器使用)
sudo ufw allow from any to {服务器IP} port 22
sudo ufw allow proto tcp from any to {服务器IP} port 22
sudo ufw allow proto udp from any to {服务器IP} port 22
开启UFW防火墙
sudo ufw enable
查看防火墙规则
sudo ufw status
删除防火墙规则 (查看防火墙编号,删除编号为1的规则)
sudo ufw status numbered
sudo ufw delete 1
重载防火墙
sudo ufw reload
安装WARP给纯IPv6服务器访问IPv4资源
nano /etc/resolv.conf
添加2001:67c:2960::64或者2a00:1098:2b::1
bash <(curl -fsSL git.io/warp.sh) menu
先安装 4. 安装 WireGuard 相关组件
再安装 5. 自动配置 WARP WireGuard IPv4 网络